Optimal Phasor Measurement Unit Placement in the Observability of Power System by using Spanning Tree Algorithm

Phasor Measurement Unit’s (PMU) are power system devices which provide real time synchronized phasor measurements. Synchronization is achieved by same-time sampling of voltage and current waveforms by means of timing signals from the Global Positioning System Satellite (GPS). Synchronized phasor measurements make higher the standards of power system monitoring, control, and protection. Since PMU’s are expensive they need to be placed in optimal way in power network in order to bring down the overall cost. This paper solves the optimal placement of PMU’s problem in power network using spanning tree algorithm. Integer linear programming algorithm is used to determine the optimal number and location of PMUs needed to make the network power system completely observable. Conventional techniques assume PMU’s as multichannel in case PMU’s are single or two channel optimal PMU locations will change. The following analyses explain optimal 158 P. Suresh Babu, Dr. M. Padmalalitha and S. Sujitha PMU placement in single channel, two channel and multichannel cases. Spanning tree algorithm has been applied for IEEE 14 bus system and IEEE 30 bus system for complete observability of these systems by considering and ignoring zero injection buses separately.